BIOL 039
Epigenetics
Sequencing of the human genome was not the endpoint of our goal in understanding human genetics. The chemical modifications to DNA and histones, as well as the chemical interactions involving the manufacture of proteins, represents a second level of human genetics termed epigenetics or epigenomics. Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Research has shown that epigenetic mechanisms provide an additional layer of transcriptional control that regulates how genes are expressed. Epigenetic abnormalities are associated with genetic disorders, cancer, autoimmune diseases, aging and pediatric syndromes, among others.
Credits
-BIOL 042
Bio-Techniques
Bio-techniques, a three-week credit bearing training course, consists of online and hands-on laboratory components. The course examines the fundamental concepts underlying biomedical science as well as principles and methods of scientific techniques commonly used in molecular biology labs. Additionally, during the 5-day lab sessions, students will practice some of these techniques and learn when and how to apply these techniques when designing their own experiments.
Online: Basic concepts of molecular and cell biology; Principles and methods of experimental techniques used in a molecular biology laboratory
Laboratory: general lab safety, pipetting, microscope, mammalian cell culture, molecular cloning, bacterial transformation, nucleic acids and protein isolation, polymerase chain reaction, transfection, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, bioinformatics tools
The goals of the course are to describe the characteristics of the major cellular macromolecules; explain the structure and function of major cellular components; build and hone critical thinking skills; gain a working knowledge of practical scientific techniques commonly used in a molecular biology research lab; and Brainstorm experimental design and best practices for technique applications
Students will earn 4 graduate credits through the FAES Academic Programs after successful completion of the course.
Credits
-BIOL 055
Genome Editing with CRISPR
This workshop will focus on the general principles of genome editing protocols, including design, choice of format, delivery, efficiency, specificity, clonal isolation, genotyping, and validation. The second part of the workshop will address different applications including genome editing in mice, zebrafish, and iPS cells, disease modeling, generation of reporter lines, and high throughput approaches. We will discuss strategies to make CRISPR gene editing more efficient, flexible, and specific. We will explore recent advances in the CRISPR field including base editors and epigenome editing. We will also examine sequencing and quality control considerations for genome editing projects. Hands-on laboratory exercises will accompany the lecture material to provide practical training in design, assembly, transfection, and detection/evaluation steps of a typical genome editing workflow.
Credits
-BIOL 101
Foundations in Biomedical Science I
This course examines the fundamental concepts underlying biomedical science, including the structure and function of biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA, as well as the structure and function of cellular components, such as membranes, vesicles, organelles, and the cytoskeleton. This course is designed for students who may have previously studied biology but need a refresher on the main concepts in biomedical science as well as students without a science background who wish to gain a foundation in basic biological mechanisms.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Describe the characteristics of the major cellular macromolecules Explain the structure and function of major cellular components Build and hone critical thinking skills
Sample syllabus is subject to change.
BIOL 102
Foundations in Biomedical Science II
This course continues the exploration of the fundamental concepts underlying biomedical science, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction mechanisms, apoptosis, the cell cycle, and cancer. This course is designed for students who may have previously studied biology but need a refresher on the main concepts in biomedical science as well| as students without a science background who wish to gain a foundation in basic biological mechanisms and is a continuation of Foundations in Biomedical Science I.
Credits
2Prerequisites
The above course(s) or permission from the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Trace the flow of genetic information at the intracellular level, from DNA to protein Summarize the cell cycle and will analyze examples of cell cycle dysfunction Build and hone critical-thinking skills
Sample syllabus is subject to change.
BIOL 103
Introduction to Research
Research experience is a significant advantage for students hoping to obtain internships, fellowships, undergraduate admission, or graduate/professional school admission. This course will serve as a first introduction to research, covering basic scientific knowledge and best-practices for impactful research. This course will also include seminars/lectures from prominent scientists, including those from underrepresented groups in STEM fields. By the end of the course, students will have proposed and designed a research project. Successful completion of this course will increase preparedness for research opportunities and increase the quality of applications submitted to various educational programs.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Understand the theory behind common biomedical laboratory techniques and identify pitfalls of each method.
- Critically analyze problems using their knowledge of experimental design, and subsequently design basic experiments.
- Develop their own research interests and communicate these ideas through written and oral presentations.
BIOL 222
Genomics in Modern Society
The human genome is the DNA book of life, containing information to create networks of proteins that construct a human being. The course discusses how the genome was read, how variants in DNA information are detected, and how this information changes views of disease, medical treatments, and our image of ourselves as a species. Through an historical perspective, students will discover the role of DNA, RNA, and proteins as the molecules of life and explore some of the most current applications of molecular biology and biochemistry to biomedical research, forensic analyses, and molecular anthropology. Students will be provided with the basic scientific foundations necessary to understand the vast impact of biotechnology on modern society. The class format will combine lectures with case-studies discussions, presentations, and screenings of media. Students are required to actively search media and scientific sources to find recent breaking news pertinent to the field. Each week will feature a critical discussion based on a specific topic.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Place life sciences into a historical perspective and describe current developments
- Describe the role of DNA, RNA, and proteins as the chemical foundations of life
- Summarize and explain some of the key aspects of biotechnology, such as DNA sequencing, cloning and amplification through PCR, the biological production of drugs and the –omics world (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics)
- Critically examine the application of DNA-based analyses to the study of human evolution (molecular anthropology) and forensic science
BIOL 254
Non-Coding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) and Exosomes: Biology and Diseases
This course will address the biology, function, and expression of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNAs. It will address exosomes in the light of these non-coding RNAs. The course will also highlight the involvement of non-coding RNAs and exosomes in human diseases as well as the potential treatment with RNA therapeutics. The objective of this course is to provide an overview of cutting-edge scientific knowledge to researchers who need to understand this fast-emerging field and who plan to investigate non-coding and exosomes. Classes will cover different aspects of non-coding RNAs and exosomes from the perspectives of molecular biology, their role in diseases and RNA therapeutic implications as well as reference databases for data mining. By the end of the course, students should be able to discuss basic science, the disease biology of non-coding RNAs and exosomes; students should also gain knowledge of technology approaches suitable for their research projects.
Credits
1Learning Objectives:
- Learn the basics and latest scientific findings in the field of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNAs, and exosomes
- 1. MicroRNAs biogenesis and functions
- 2. Long non-coding RNAs biology and functions
- 3. Exosomes, microRNAs, and non-coding RNAs
- 4. Non-coding RNAs and Exosomes in Disease Biology » Microbiome » Immune responses » Stem cells
BIOL 262
Research Tools for Studying Diseases I
This course is designed to help students gain an appreciation of essential scientific approaches and techniques in studying various human diseases and biological disorders. A variety of techniques are discussed, including molecular, cellular, biochemical, genetic, imaging, computational, and high-throughput screening approaches. Students will learn applications and recent advances for each approach as well as gain a historical perspective on the development of each technique. Emphasis will be placed on the appropriate application of each technique, with a focus on the exploration of the progression and therapeutic effects of treatments to various diseases. The course provides individuals of all backgrounds and levels of experience with the opportunity to become knowledgeable in a wide variety of scientific approaches in biomedical research.
Credits
2Prerequisites
Solid knowledge of undergraduate biology and chemistry.
Learning Objectives:
- Introduce various approaches to biomedical and translational research
- Provide fundamental knowledge of various scientific techniques essential for conducting research
- Develop critical-thinking and problem-solving abilities and learn about practical applications of research techniques covered in this course
- Learn about various diseases and how research leads to better therapeutic applications
Sample syllabus is subject to change.
BIOL 313
Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Technology
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Gain basic molecular biology knowledge of how genetic material (DNA and RNA) is the key to our survival and function and how this information is transferred over generations
- Understand how changes in this basic information encoded by the genetic material lead to changes in biological characteristics
- Master and use the most advanced tools and experimental techniques to study cell and molecular biology
- Describe how recombinant DNA techniques are used in modern applications in the lab or industry to develop cures for diseases and biotechnological advancements that affect daily life
BIOL 325
Human Neuroscience I
This course will use a systems neuroscience approach to understanding the relationship between the structure and function of the human brain. Course material will span the level of cellular neurophysiology of neurons and synaptic signaling to circuits and brain regions involved in sensory processes, motor function, emotion, attention, and learning and memory. Neuroanatomy will be emphasized throughout the course. Deviation from normative structure and function will be considered through clinical case studies and translational research. Although the focus of this course will be the human brain, research from animal models, particularly non-human primates and rodents, will be included in the investigation of neuronal mechanisms.
Credits
2Prerequisites
Prior introductory biology coursework is encouraged; supplemental materials will be available for students who have not had a prior introduction to biophysical properties of cell membranes and cell signaling processes.
Learning Objectives:
- Identify neuroanatomical landmarks of the human brain in schematic illustrations, magnetic resonance images, and micrographs of sections of post-mortem tissue
- Analyze clinical cases and evaluate which neural regions are likely to be involved in symptoms and injury
- Describe basic neurophysiological properties and be able to explain: how the properties of the neuronal membrane relate to changes in potential and salutatory conduction of action potentials; the evidence for quantal transmission of chemical signals at the synapse; and the effects of various neurotoxins on receptor-binding kinetics or neurotransmission
- Apply knowledge of receptive fields, neuronal ‘tuning,’ neuronal codes, and topographic maps to compare and contrast the structural and functional properties of the somatosensory, motor, and sensory systems
- Think critically about scientific investigations by participating in an online discussion of scientific papers, giving careful consideration to potential confounds, alternative explanations, significance of findings, and unanswered questions for future inquiry
BIOL 326
Human Neuroscience II
This course will use a systems neuroscience approach to understanding the relationship between the structure and function of the human brain. Course material will span the level of cellular neurophysiology of neurons and synaptic signaling to circuits and brain regions involved in sensory processes, motor function, emotion, attention, and learning and memory. Neuroanatomy will be emphasized throughout the course. Deviation from normative structure and function will be considered through clinical case studies and translational research. Although the focus of this course will be the human brain, research from animal models, particularly non-human primates and rodents, will be included in the investigation of neuronal mechanisms.
Credits
2Prerequisites
Prior introductory biology coursework is encouraged; supplemental materials will be available for students who have not had a prior introduction to biophysical properties of cell membranes and cell signaling processes.
Learning Objectives:
- Identify neuroanatomical landmarks of the human brain in schematic illustrations, magnetic resonance images, and micrographs of sections of post-mortem tissue
- Analyze clinical cases and evaluate which neural regions are likely to be involved in symptoms and injury
- Describe basic neurophysiological properties and be able to explain: how the properties of the neuronal membrane relate to changes in potential and salutatory conduction of action potentials; the evidence for quantal transmission of chemical signals at the synapse; and the effects of various neurotoxins on receptor-binding kinetics or neurotransmission
- Apply knowledge of receptive fields, neuronal ‘tuning,’ neuronal codes, and topographic maps to compare and contrast the structural and functional properties of the somatosensory, motor, and sensory systems
- Think critically about scientific investigations by participating in an online discussion of scientific papers, giving careful consideration to potential confounds, alternative explanations, significance of findings, and unanswered questions for future inquiry
BIOL 327
Modern Embryonic and Developmental Biology
This course covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate vertebrate embryonic development. Discussions range from conserved evolutionary processes to defects and genetic mutations in human development and disease. Specific topics include: cell-cell interactions; organogenesis; brain, cardiovascular and limb development; stem cell generation, maintenance and migration; cloning and genetic manipulations; epigenetic modification and system biology. Each class will include discussions of current literature, with emphasis on processes and mechanisms of development. This course is suitable for students preparing to pursue careers in research, medicine, and/or health, Fellows studying mouse models with developmental defects, and those wishing to expand their understanding of growth and development of complex organisms. Students will have opportunities to read, evaluate, and discuss critically research articles.
Credits
2Prerequisites
The above course(s), understanding of college level biology, or permission from the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Expand on knowledge of elementary cell biology to include development of complex organisms and genetic origin of human disease
- Acquire understanding of developmental processes and resulting impact of genetic mutations
- Advance scientific communication skills toward critical evaluation of scientific literature
BIOL 350
Foundations of Cellular Neuroscience I
This course explores a wide range of cellular neuroscience, including: membrane biophysics and action potentials; ion channels; synaptic transmission and plasticity; dendritic integration and computation. Lectures also introduce techniques used to record and image activity and signaling in neurons as well as quantitative methods used to analyze experimental data. The course also features in-depth discussions of classic and current literature, with problem sets and exams to enhance and test the understanding of lecture materials.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Develop conceptual and quantitative understanding of basic cellular physiology and biophysics
- Learn about electrophysiological and imaging techniques used in neuroscience experiments
- Gain a historical perspective on the study of ion channels, synapses and neurons
BIOL 351
Foundations of Cellular Neuroscience II
This course explores a wide range of cellular neuroscience, including: membrane biophysics and action potentials; ion channels; synaptic transmission and plasticity; dendritic integration and computation. Lectures also introduce techniques used to record and image activity and signaling in neurons as well as quantitative methods used to analyze experimental data. The course also features in-depth discussions of classic and current literature, with problem sets and exams to enhance and test the understanding of lecture materials.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Develop conceptual and quantitative understanding of basic cellular physiology and biophysics
- Learn about electrophysiological and imaging techniques used in neuroscience experiments
- Gain a historical perspective on the study of ion channels, synapses and neurons
BIOL 356
Connective Tissue Biology
Credits
2Prerequisites
college-level cell biology and biochemistry.
Learning Objectives:
- Master basic structure and function of connective tissues and how they relate to other organs
- Appreciate the role of connective tissues in diseases
- Discuss properties of biomaterials required for regenerative medicine applications
BIOL 385
The Biology of Aging
Credits
2Prerequisites
cell biology.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe the evolutionary theories that explain aging
- Outline the cellular pathways that influence the aging phenotype
- Understand factors that influence the aging process
- Gain fluency with reading and interpreting primary literature
BIOL 410
Human Memory Systems
Everything you know was gained through the efforts of several memory systems working together to acquire knowledge and skills from your past experiences. Not only is memory is necessary for all other human cognition, from remembering how to ride a bike or reflecting on your undergraduate days to acquiring language or making decisions about the future, but collectively our memories allow us to form a learned identity. This course will provide a broad introduction to foundational concepts and classic and current issues in human memory, examining both the psychological and neurological approaches to data and theory. Topics covered include working memory, episodic encoding and retrieval processes, forgetting and false memories, skill learning, implicit learning, and the effects of aging and disease on memory systems.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Compare and contrast different memory systems, including the type of knowledge gained and their neural underpinnings
- Apply theories of memory systems to other contexts, including research into human cognition or learning strategies for future coursework
- Formulate a hypothesis and design an experiment to test a type of memory
- Given a disease or lesion location, assess the symptoms that would likely occur
BIOL 425
RNA Interference and CRISPR
RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of inhibition of gene expression by RNA molecules. The mechanism for RNAi in prokaryotes and eukaryotes was evolutionarily developed as defense against pathogen invasion. CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a similar defensive mechanism found in certain bacteria. Detailed understanding of their molecular mechanism enabled adaptation of these as tools for down regulating specific gene expression in mammalian cells. This course is designed to provide a deeper understanding of RNA interference and CRISPR and their applications in different fields of biology.
Credits
1Prerequisites
Basic understanding of molecular biology and cell biology.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the mechanism of RNA interference and CRISPR
- Learn different types of RNA interferences and study of gene function using RNAi
- Learn challenges in RNAi and CRISPR applications and adaptation to high throughput screens
- Learn computational approaches of high throughput RNAi/CRISPR screen data analysis
- Review of therapeutic applications of RNAi/CRISPR
BIOL 427
Advances and Applications in Developmental Biology
Advances and Applications in Developmental Biology will employ current and cutting-edge medical and research publications to explore the principles of developmental biology. Together we will discuss how these publications are rooted in lessons from developmental biology but apply those lessons at a high level to medically relevant research. Each week we will include a lesson on the historical context and advances in developmental biology that have led us to the current point. We will then discuss the significance of current research, its place in the field, and what contributions it makes to developmental biology as well as medical science as a whole.
Credits
2Prerequisites
Learning Objectives:
- Connect concepts in papers with classical developmental biology principles.
- Evaluate hypotheses and experimental design of research groups based on principles of developmental biology
- Analyze choice of model organism/system for the goal of each study
- Debate the implications of the study for advancement of health science research
- Design alternative or entirely novel experiments/studies to test ideas
BIOL 435
Current Trends in the Neurobiology of Mental Illness
The objective of this graduate-level course is to provide an overview of the biological basis of major neuropsychiatric disorders as well as to explore the emerging methodologies (both basic sciences and clinical) utilized in the study of these brain disorders. A group of leading scientists and clinicians has been recruited to provide lectures in their areas of expertise. Disorders to be covered include: bipolar disorder; major depression; anxiety disorders; schizophrenia; autism; and, substance dependence. Speakers will discuss the evidence supporting current theories related to each disorder, with particular emphasis on the limitations of current diagnostic systems and methodologies, the prospects for the greatest advances, and their individual contributions to the field. Additionally, specific lectures will focus on methodologies that are rapidly having a major impact on neuroscience research as well as advancing our understanding of neural function, disease mechanisms, diagnostic systems, biomarkers, and drug discovery and development. Areas to be discussed will include: positron imaging tomography; magnetic resonance imaging (functional and structural); animal models; biochemical techniques; genetic and epidemiological analysis; and, statistical modeling. Students enrolled in the course will be expected to develop an understanding of the advanced techniques used to study these illnesses and pathways to develop new treatments.
Credits
2Prerequisites
familiarity with college-level neurobiology, biochemistry, and genetics.
Learning Objectives:
- Demonstrate a familiarity with recent and groundbreaking novel research regarding the biological basis of major neuropsychiatric disorders
- Develop a broad knowledge of the scope and impact of mental illness through the synthesis of recent advances in etiology and treatment of pathophysiology
- Identify and describe the methodologies impacting neuroscience research, including positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, animal models, and genetics
- Discover real-world applications of material into future research, medical or graduate study pursuits
- Complete a final short-answer examination which incorporates material from all topics and guest speakers
BIOL 440
Medical and Veterinary Entomology
Designed for entomology, biology, veterinary, and medical students, this course is an introduction to the natural history of the major groups of the Phylum Arthropoda that directly or indirectly impact the health of humans, pets, and livestock. Classes will cover the life- cycles of arthropods and parasites, clinical signs and symptoms of disease, disease epidemiology, and approaches to control of arthropod-borne diseases with an emphasis on vector control. Recent advances in the field of medical/veterinary entomology research and case studies will be discussed. Guest lecturers will share their expertise with the students.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Describe the natural history of the major insect-based and arachnid-based arthropods that impact the health of humans, companion, and livestock animals
- Explain the biology of arthropod vector-mammalian host-pathogen relationships
- Outline the transmission cycles of major arthropod-borne diseases
- Recognize the general signs, symptoms, and epidemiology of major arthropod-borne diseases
- Identify some of the approaches and applications for the control of vector-borne diseases
BIOL 450
Stem Cell Biology
Credits
1Learning Objectives:
- Learn the origin and residence of stem cells in embryos and adult tissues
- Discuss the basis for self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells, the regulation of stem cells in embryogenesis and their differentiation into adult tissues
- Survey the role of stem cells in human disease, with focus on cancer
- Consider the pros and cons of induced pluripotent stem cells in tissue regeneration and therapeutics
- Discover normal and cancer stem cell niche and fate determination
BIOL 550
Overview of Extracellular Vesicles and their Research Applications in Health and Diseases
There is an increased interest in purifying, identifying and engineering extracellular vesicles for both research and therapeutic benefits. Until now, there is no single method that can give the maximum yield with high purity level needed for mass production. There are numerous methodologies available to isolate and analyse these vesicles. This course aims to provide the basic understanding of extracellular vesicles (EV) a term that includes exosomes, microvesicles, oncosomes, and many others. It will introduce participants to the basics, pros and cons of different methods implemented in the purification, quantification, and validation/characterization of extracellular vesicles. It covers areas such as EV biogenesis, cargo, and different release and uptake mechanisms. Also, the course will touch base on the different research and therapeutic strategies used to understand the role of these vesicles in health and disease. The course is divided into 7 weeks.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
After course completion, participants will be introduced to the best available resources and guidelines for methods used for purification and characterization/identification of extracellular vesicles. They should be able to:
- Describe the basic concepts for the different isolation and characterization techniques and how these techniques are used in the EV field.
- Describe the biogenesis, release and uptake mechanisms of EV.
- Communicate the pros and cons of the different isolation, quantification, and characterization methods.
GENE 220
Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics: From Charles Darwin to Integrated-Omics
Credits
2Prerequisites
undergraduate-level genetics.
Learning Objectives:
- Explain key paradigms, advancements, and scientists contributing to evolutionary genetics and evolutionary theory, starting with early nineteenth-century scientific thought
- Analyze experimental strategies and key studies of evolutionary genetics, focusing on specific examples of advancements in understanding hereditary disorders and genetic conditions
- Discuss early paradigms of selective breeding and hereditary, the “Modern Synthesis,” discoveries of chromosomal inheritance as well as the central dogma of molecular biology
- Discuss basic gene regulation paradigms, developmental genetics and evolutionary-developmental biology, and conceptualization of genetics in the ‘-omics era’
- Review and report on a specific historical example of evolutionary genetics of own interest or relevance
GENE 340
Underlying Genetics of Cancer
Cancer as a genetic disease has been the focus of many cancer researchers of the past decade. today. Today, with the ability to sequence genomes and analyze our genetic code at extremely high depth, new cancers with underlying genetic predispositions are continuing to be discovered. This course will place a special focus on such cancers, driven either due to hereditary factors (such as familial breast cancer and others) or due to specific genetic aberrations (fusion driven cancers). Students taking this course can expect an in-depth insight to the effect of such genetic aberrations to the onset and development of malignancies in individuals. Throughout, the course aims to provide a framework for better understanding the role of genetics in not just cancer but also human biology.
Credits
2Prerequisites
The above course(s) with specific knowledge of tumor suppressors, oncogenes and major signaling pathways.
Learning Objectives:
- Explain how certain cancers are driven by hereditary factors and its implications.
- Describe how aberrant genes drive malignant transformation.
- Explain how various signaling cascades affect different aspects of malignancy.
- Develop a theoretical and practical framework on the applicability of this knowledge in therapeutic interventions.
GENE 500
Introduction to Medical Genetics
The objective of this two-semester course is to provide an introduction to clinical and human genetics for Fellows and genetic counseling students who are preparing for subspecialty examinations of the American Board of Medical Genetics and for others who wish to learn about the expanding role of genetics in medicine. The first semester will introduce basic concepts of genetics, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. The second semester will include presentations on clinical topics emphasizing the diagnosis and management of patients with genetic disorders. This course is designed for Fellows and genetic counseling students who are preparing for subspecialty examinations of the American Board of Medical Genetics and others who wish to learn about the expanding role of genetics in medicine.
This is the first part of a two-part course. Registration is required separately for each part of the course.
Credits
1Prerequisites
Graduate-level training or experience in the biomedical sciences or consent of the course instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Fall:
- Appreciate organization of the human genome and tools used to investigate it
- Acquire skills to determine the most likely mode of inheritance of a trait, to interpret the results of linkage and association studies
- Spring:
- Appreciate the impact genetic disorders have on the various organ systems
- Acquire skills to develop a differential diagnosis and appropriate work-up for a given phenotype
GENE 505
Embryology, Developmental Biology, and Human Malformations
The objective of this course is to familiarize students with modern developmental biology and to use this knowledge to understand common human malformations. The course will begin with lectures on the methodology and model systems of developmental biology, a review of preimplantation development and gastrulation, and embryogenesis/organogenesis. Subsequent lectures will focus on the development of several organ systems (e.g. central nervous system, cardiovascular, limb, urogenital, gut/respiratory, and craniofacial). These systems will be covered in two lectures each. A closing lecture on developmental pleiotropy will round out the course.
Credits
1Prerequisites
permission of the course instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Connect conceptually the apparently distinct disciplines of embryology, developmental biology, and clinical medicine to appreciate mechanisms of normal and abnormal development
- Appreciate the role of evolution for understanding the mechanistic basis of malformations and as a basis for the study of these disorders in animal models
- Develop skills of integrating data from clinical, anatomic and molecular studies to form a comprehensive description of malformations
GENE 510
Genetic Counseling: Professional Topics Seminar
The objective of this course is to address the psychological, clinical, social, and ethical issues in genetic counseling (GC). This class offers a dynamic forum for discussion, focusing on genetics counseling research, policy and education, and their impact on clinical practice. A diverse group of professionals present topics well suited for class discussions. Student-led case presentations and discussions highlight pertinent psychological, social, and ethical issues in genetic counseling. Clients who have had personal experiences with a genetic condition or risk expose students to a variety of attitudes, reactions, and experiences. Students enrolled in related graduate programs are encouraged to enroll to maximize the opportunity for exchange among disciplines. This course presents an opportunity to college graduates interested in genetic counseling to learn about the theoretical and practical aspects of the profession.
This is a required course for graduate students enrolled in the JHU/NHGRI Genetic Counseling Training Program. Tuition: $500 per credit.
Credits
1Prerequisites
Permission of the instructors.
Learning Objectives:
- Participate in dynamic discussions of provocative issues in the field of GC, with faculty input
- Facilitate appreciation for pursuing GC as a profession both for professional and pertinent issues in clinical work
- Foster ideas and model projects in GC research
- Learn directly from clients about their personal experiences with genetic conditions
- Promote interaction among graduate students to facilitate mentoring, strategizing, and camaraderie
GENE 511
Genetic Counseling: Professional Topics Seminar Part II
The objective of this course is to address the psychological, clinical, social, and ethical issues in genetic counseling (GC). This class offers a dynamic forum for discussion, focusing on genetics counseling research, policy and education, and their impact on clinical practice. A diverse group of professionals present topics well suited for class discussions. Student-led case presentations and discussions highlight pertinent psychological, social, and ethical issues in genetic counseling. Clients who have had personal experiences with a genetic condition or risk expose students to a variety of attitudes, reactions, and experiences. Students enrolled in related graduate programs are encouraged to enroll to maximize the opportunity for exchange among disciplines. This course presents an opportunity to college graduates interested in genetic counseling to learn about the theoretical and practical aspects of the profession.
This is the second part of a two-part course. The completion of the first part (prerequisite) is required before taking the second part. Registration is required separately for each part of the course.
This is a required course for graduate students enrolled in the JHU/NHGRI Genetic Counseling Training Program. Tuition: $500 per credit.
Credits
1Prerequisites
The above course(s) or permission from the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Participate in dynamic discussions of provocative issues in the field of GC, with faculty input
- Facilitate appreciation for pursuing GC as a profession both for professional and pertinent issues in clinical work
- Foster ideas and model projects in GC research
- Learn directly from clients about their personal experiences with genetic conditions
- Promote interaction among graduate students to facilitate mentoring, strategizing, and camaraderie
GENE 514
Current Concepts in Clinical Molecular Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
The objective of this course is to provide a review of molecular diagnosis of common hereditary or neoplastic disorders for which DNA-based diagnosis is now in routine use. Topics include FGFR3 disorders, fetal blood typing, thrombophilias, hemochromatosis, fragile X syndrome, polyglutamine disorders, hereditary breast cancers, Charcot Marie Tooth and spinal muscular atrophy, PraderWilli and Angelman syndromes, mitochondrial diseases, Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Sessions also include genetic risk prediction, using linkage and Bayesian analysis as well as DNA forensics and paternity testing. The course is designed as part of the required curriculum for Clinical Genetics residents and Fellows preparing for the Clinical Molecular Genetics Boards given by the American Board of Medical Genetics.
Credits
1Prerequisites
GENE 500 and permission of the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Appreciate the types of techniques used in molecular genetic diagnostic laboratories, including the limitations of each assay
- Acquire skills in calculating residual risks after molecular testing
GENE 518
Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine: From Diagnosis to Treatment I
The objective of this course is to discuss how advances in genetics have impacted genetic disorders, from their diagnosis to treatment, by building upon the foundations learned in GENE 500. Topics include Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Rasopathies, neurocutaneous syndromes, muscular dystrophies, cohesinopathies, connective tissue disorders, ciliopathies, and psychosocial and genetic counseling issues in the era of genomic medicine. The course is designed as part of the required curriculum for residents, Fellows, and students preparing for the Genetics Certification Boards given by the American Board of Medical Genetics and the American Board of Genetic Counseling.
This is the first part of a two-part course. Registration is required separately for each part of the course.
Credits
1Prerequisites
The above course(s) or permission from the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Appreciate how advances in genetics have impacted genetic disorders, from their diagnosis to treatment
- Acquire skills to conduct a dysmorphology examination
GENE 519
Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine: From Diagnosis to Treatment II
The objective of this course is to discuss how advances in genetics have impacted genetic disorders, from their diagnosis to treatment, by building upon the foundations learned in GENE 500. Topics include Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Rasopathies, neurocutaneous syndromes, muscular dystrophies, cohesinopathies, connective tissue disorders, ciliopathies, and psychosocial and genetic counseling issues in the era of genomic medicine. The course is designed as part of the required curriculum for residents, Fellows, and students preparing for the Genetics Certification Boards given by the American Board of Medical Genetics and the American Board of Genetic Counseling.
This is the second part of a two-part course. The completion of the first part (prerequisite) is required before taking the second part. Registration is required separately for each part of the course.
Credits
1Prerequisites
The above course(s) or permission from the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
- Appreciate how advances in genetics have impacted genetic disorders, from their diagnosis to treatment
- Acquire skills to conduct a dysmorphology examination
GENE 527
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics in the Era of Cancer Genomics: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications
The course will cover basic and advanced concepts in cancer genomics and will address practice guidelines created and adopted by authoritative resources such as ACMG, AMP, ASCO and NCCN. The major focus will be on the applications of cytogenetic and molecular genetics in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. The didactic and core lectures will be supplemented by clinical case discussion in germline genetics, hematopathology and solid tumors.
Credits
2Prerequisites
Completion of or concurrent enrollment in the above course(s) or permission from the instructor.
Learning Objectives:
Somatic Cancers
- Describe the use of cytogenetics in somatic cancer
- Describe molecular profiling in somatic cancer
- Describe variants using appropriate nomenclature Interpret variants according to standardized criterion
Hereditary Cancers
- Describe the pathogenesis of the most common inherited cancer syndromes
- Describe the methods for detection and interpretation of results for the disorders
- Describe variants using appropriate nomenclature Interpret variants according to standardized criterion
- Discuss detection as secondary findings of NGS testing
GENE 540
Gene Expression Analysis
The gene expression programs that instantiate eukaryotic cell states are complex and dynamic, but ultimately essential to understanding development, homeostasis, real-time environmental adaptation and cellular dysregulation. This course will aim to equip you with a broad range of tools for analyzing gene expression and elucidating the regulatory influences affecting it. By the end, students will have an appreciation for the many layers of expression regulation and a familiarity with common methods for analyzing gene expression and its regulation that will enable interpretation of such results in the literature and the ability to choose the right tool for answering their own gene expression-related research questions in the future.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Develop an understanding of the many layers of regulation influencing gene expression
- Become familiar with common gene expression measurement methods and know how to choose the right one for the job
- Be able to perform differential gene expression analyses, and identify and use gene expression signatures
- Know how to find genomic regulatory elements that may influence a gene’s expression
- Appreciate gene expression in the context of functional pathways and dynamic gene regulatory networks/programs
GENE 644
Review of Medical Genetics
Tuition: $1,100.00.
The objective of this course is to provide a review for candidates for the American Board of Medical Genetics Subspecialty examinations: clinical genetics; molecular genetics; biochemical genetics; cytogenetics; and, genetic counseling. Topics to be covered include statistical and mathematical subjects in clinical genetics and population genetics, clinical cytogenetics, dysmorphology, ophthalmologic genetics, and general treatment and management of genetic diseases.
Credits
2Prerequisites
nBoard candidate for any subspecialty exam of the American Board of Medical Genetics.
Learning Objectives:
- Review the fundamentals of genetics and a variety of genetic disorders in preparation for the American Board of Medical Genetics certification examination
- Acquire skills to recognize and eliminate distractors on the certification exam
MEDI 067
Evidence-Based Medicine
Evidence-Based Medicine provides tools that enable physicians and other healthcare providers to navigate complex clinical scenarios and deliver patient-centric care. This approach requires providers to be familiar with biomedical study designs, statistical tools, and frameworks for translating research into practice. It also encourages providers to be continuously alert for “clinical questions” that can be addressed using existing knowledge and for “knowledge gaps” that should be addressed through research.
Credits
-Learning Objectives:
This workshop will enable participants to:
- Discuss the “hierarchy of evidence” in biomedical research and the applications of specific observational and experimental study types in medicine and public health.
- Identify the strengths and weaknesses of study designs commonly encountered in medicine and public health practice.
- Interpret results from statistical tests and analyses commonly observed in observational and experimental studies.
- Apply PICO, Spider, and other frameworks to develop a clinical or research question.
- Conduct a literature search to answer a clinically oriented question or to support a research proposal that addresses a knowledge gap.
MEDI 234
Precision Medicine
Credits
1Learning Objectives:
- Assess how The Human Genome Project has advanced technology in biomedical research
- Translate research and technology into the delivery of healthcare and basic science research findings to the benefit of the general public
- Discuss implications in privacy and policy laws for precision medicine in the age of the Affordable Care Act and the All of Us Research Program
- Present coherent case studies encompassing previous objectives, including caveats in the use of current technologies
MEDI 275
Fundamental Principles of Histology
This course examines the morphology of different cell types and their arrangement within tissues using both light microscopy and electron microscopy images. The course will begin with a detailed overview of the basic tissues: epithelial; connective; muscle; and, nervous tissues. The four basic tissues will then be applied to organ systems, and a discussion of some clinical pathologies will follow. The course will also cover cell functions within the different tissues as well as tissue preparations and types of stains to highlight different characteristics of tissue.
Credits
2Prerequisites
Knowledge of biology and/or cell biology.
Learning Objectives:
- Define and describe histological characteristics of different cell types
- Identify different tissue types and organization within organs
- Understand functions of cell types within the tissue
- Gain general knowledge of tissue preparation and commonly used staining techniques
- Understand how the different cell types and basic tissues come together to function as a whole organ
MEDI 303
Physiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture
Credits
1Prerequisites
basic medical knowledge.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the basic theories of TCM, including acupuncture
- Explore the mechanisms of TCM therapies from the perspective of modern science
MEDI 305
The Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness: Implications in Medicine, Technology, and Society
Consciousness extends across an expansive landscape of societal, clinical, and technological themes from free will to artificial intelligence. Unlike any other phenomenon in the natural world, consciousness occupies profound mystery yet is totally accessible by the conscious experiences in daily life. For these reasons, consciousness has been the source of millennia of intrigue, study, and debate. This course is a fast-paced exploration of the key questions on consciousness – what is it, where is it, and who has it – answered and debated from interdisciplinary perspectives, including the philosophy of mind, neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and technology. Primary emphasis is given to the scientific study of consciousness and research investigating its neural mechanisms in the human brain. This course also emphasizes disorders of consciousness (e.g., coma, epilepsy, and vegetative state) and the challenges diagnosing and treating this large and heterogeneous clinical population. Students will gain the knowledge and momentum to continue exploring the taught themes long after completing this course.
Credits
2Prerequisites
No prerequisites, but previous exposure to neuroscience or the philosophy of mind can be an asset.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe the essential questions, debates, and competing positions on the emergence of consciousness.
- Detail the basic anatomy and function of the human nervous system, particularly those relevant to sensory perception.
- Interpret the results from primary research documents on the neural mechanisms of consciousness and how these results relate to major theories of consciousness.
- Discuss the implications for results on the neural mechanisms of consciousness for clinical, ethical, technological, and societal considerations.
- Apply the knowledge gained from this course to be an educated consumer of content that discusses consciousness – from research to media.
MEDI 309
Introduction to Molecular Medicine
Credits
2Prerequisites
college-level knowledge of biology and/or chemistry.
Learning Objectives:
- Identify interactions between metabolic pathways and human diseases
- Describe recent advances in medical applications of biotechnology and genetics
- Discuss health issues in relation to molecular mechanisms of the cell
- Prepare an original presentation about a disease of interest to the class
MEDI 311
Principles of Endocrinology
Credits
2Prerequisites
general biology and chemistry required; prior coursework in introductory biochemistry and human physiology
recommended.
Learning Objectives:
- Identify and describe the key hormones and their roles in metabolism, digestion, reproduction, and growth
- Understand regulation of hormonal control, including the principles of feedback control and hormone-receptor interactions
- Problem solve the biological basis of endocrine disorders and treatments
- Develop the scientific background needed to understand the literature about endocrine function and pathology
MEDI 317
Human Physiology I
In this two-semester sequential course, students will be provided with an in-depth study of the physiology of human body systems. Topics studied in the fall semester are: molecular basis of physiology; the nervous system; and, cardiovascular system. The course sequence is intended as a bridge to advanced studies in pathophysiology and medicine.
Credits
2Prerequisites
general biology; BIOL 101 or equivalent.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand structure-function relationships of the systems of the human body
- Identify the structural and functional levels of organization from cellular to organ system levels
- Describe how the body adapts to different everyday situations and environmental stresses
- Explain the principle of homeostasis and feedback-control mechanisms as they relate to body systems
- Develop active learning styles through problem solving in physiology
- Apply knowledge of functional mechanisms and their regulation to explain the pathophysiology underlying common disorders
- Communicate physiologic concepts to a variety of audiences
MEDI 318
Human Physiology II
Credits
2Prerequisites
general biology; BIOL 101 or equivalent; MEDI 317 Human Physiology I or equivalent.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand structure-function relationships of the systems of the human body
- Identify the structural and functional levels of organization from cellular to organ system levels
- Describe how the body adapts to different everyday situations and environmental stresses
- Explain the principle of homeostasis and feedback-control mechanisms as they relate to the body systems
- Develop active learning styles through problem solving in physiology
- Apply knowledge of functional mechanisms and their regulation to explain the pathophysiology underlying common disorders
- Communicate physiologic concepts to a variety of audiences
MEDI 330
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
Cancer is a term used to define over 200 subtypes of diseases all with the ability to divide uncontrollably. While these varied subtypes are identified by their place of origin or the tissues they affect, their most distinct features are the underlying signaling cascades that drive the disease. This course will discuss the roles of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in tumor growth at the molecular level. It will also explore in detail exemplar pathways that are disrupted in cancer as well as how such knowledge translates to novel therapies. Throughout, the course aims to provide a framework for how molecular mechanisms function and the important role they play in human biology.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Define tumor suppressors and oncogenes and their respective roles along with examples.
- Gain an understanding of important molecular pathways in cells and how they are affected in cancer.
- Understand how cancer cells hijack various signaling cascades to drive different aspects of malignancy.
- Develop a theoretical and practical framework on the applicability of this knowledge in therapeutic interventions.
MEDI 335
Current Topics in Omics Research for Metabolic Syndrome, IBD, and Gastrointestinal Cancers
This course provides a comprehensive survey of the pathophysiology of digestive and metabolic diseases and disorders, focusing on the most common diseases with public health implications. Diseases include, but are not limited to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), diabetes and metabolic syndrome, common microbial infections, liver disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and GI cancers. Diagnoses, symptomology, and treatment strategies will be presented by guest lecturers with clinical and research expertise in specific disease pathologies. Within the context of these clinical topics on GI and metabolic disease, the underlying physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms will be reviewed and discussed along with current research. The course will be comprised of a combination of lectures and discussions, with reading assignments, an exam, a writing assignment, and a group presentation assignment.
Credits
1Prerequisites
Undergraduate coursework in cell biology, genetics, physiology, or college degree in biomedical sciences.
Learning Objectives:
- Identify the most common gastrointestinal/metabolic diseases
- Explain diagnostic criteria and symptoms associated with each disease/disorder; describe treatment strategies for each disorder
- Describe and discuss the underlying physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms associated with each disease
- Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between pathology and the underlying physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms for each disease
- Analyze and critique research publications and data investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms for a selected disease
MEDI 339
Advanced Cancer Biology
Cancer is an ancient disease with specific characteristics. Students taking this course will discuss the genetic basis of cancer, the initiation and progression of cancer, aberrant signal transduction in tumor cells and metastasis. This course will also have a journal-club component, which will enable students to read and discuss scientific journal articles related to the course.
Credits
2Prerequisites
The above course(s) or equivalent background knowledge.
Learning Objectives:
- Identify cancer biology terms and apply terms and information in textbook to case studies.
- Differentiate various aspects that characterize a cancerous vs normal cell.
- Identify potential therapeutic strategies using knowledge of various effectors in cancer cells.
- Develop a detailed scientific presentation to include background information, experimental design, and findings.
MEDI 340
Underlying Genetics of Cancer
Cancer as a genetic disease has been the focus of many cancer researchers of the past decade. today. Today, with the ability to sequence genomes and analyze our genetic code at extremely high depth, new cancers with underlying genetic predispositions are continuing to be discovered. This course will place a special focus on such cancers, driven either due to hereditary factors (such as familial breast cancer and others) or due to specific genetic aberrations (fusion driven cancers). Students taking this course can expect an in-depth insight to the effect of such genetic aberrations to the onset and development of malignancies in individuals. Throughout, the course aims to provide a framework for better understanding the role of genetics in not just cancer but also human biology.
Credits
2Prerequisites
The above course(s) with specific knowledge of tumor suppressors, oncogenes and major signaling pathways.
Learning Objectives:
- Explain how certain cancers are driven by hereditary factors and its implications.
- Describe how aberrant genes drive malignant transformation.
- Explain how various signaling cascades affect different aspects of malignancy.
- Develop a theoretical and practical framework on the applicability of this knowledge in therapeutic interventions.
MEDI 345
Human Anatomy and Physiology I: Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, and Nervous Systems
Human anatomy will be taught using a systemic approach and emphasizing the connection between function and structure as it relates to physiological conditions and diseases. To this end, lectures will integrate elements of embryology and histology. Modern imaging methods will be introduced as well. Selected topics of topographic anatomy will be also examined, including head/neck and pelvis. A mid-term and final exam will be offered to allow students to assess their comprehension of the material. This course is suitable for advanced undergraduate and/or postbac students planning a career in medicine and biomedical research and will be taught at a level of complexity that is similar to courses offered at most medical schools. Other biomedical researchers who seek to better understand the structural underpinnings of normal and pathologic functions of the human body may also find the course useful.
Credits
2Prerequisites
College degree; basic knowledge of cell biology.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe principles of human anatomy using a systemic approach
- Discuss the fundamentals of embryology and general microanatomy (histology)
- Identify the anatomical structures of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems
- Explain how these systems interact, and how structural and functional characteristics of tissues, organs, and systems are interdependent
MEDI 346
Human Anatomy and Physiology II: Lymphatic, Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, and Urogenital Systems
Human anatomy will be taught using a systemic approach and emphasizing the connection between function and structure as it relates to physiological conditions and diseases. To this end, lectures will integrate elements of embryology and histology. Modern imaging methods will be introduced as well. Selected topics of topographic anatomy will be also examined, including head/neck and pelvis. A mid-term and final exam will be offered to allow students to assess their comprehension of the material. This course is suitable for advanced undergraduate and/or postbac students planning a career in medicine and biomedical research and will be taught at a level of complexity that is similar to courses offered at most medical schools. Other biomedical researchers who seek to better understand the structural underpinnings of normal and pathologic functions of the human body may also find the course useful.
Credits
2Prerequisites
College degree; basic knowledge of cell biology.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe principles of human anatomy using a systemic approach
- Discuss the fundamentals of embryology and general microanatomy (histology)
- Identify the anatomical structures of the lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and urogenital systems
- Explain how these systems interact, and how structural and functional characteristics of tissues, organs, and systems are interdependent
MEDI 418
Cancer Immunology
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field in research and in the clinic, which focusses on the interface between the immune system, inflammation and cancer biology. To advance research in this field an understanding of each of these systems and how they interact to suppress or promote cancer progression is vital. Students taking this class will gain an understanding of how the tumor microenvironment alters and evades the immune system and the contribution of inflammation in promoting cancer progression. This course will serve as an introduction to further studies in cancer immunotherapies.
Topics covered:
- Tumor microenvironment – the interactions between immune cells and cancer cells.
- Polarization of Macrophages and Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells by Cancer Cells.
- Mechanisms of Tumor- Induced Tolerance/Escape from the Immune System.
- Immunosuppression by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs)
- Innate immune system in cancer and therapies utilizing cytokines and interferons.
- Cancer Vaccines: preventative and therapeutic.
- Viruses and cancer: cancer-causing viruses (eg HPV, HTLV1), oncolytic viruses and use of viruses in gene therapy.
- Anti-cancer antibodies (including ADCs) to target cancer cells.
Credits
1Learning Objectives:
- Students will list the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade the immune system.
- Students will describe the relationships between viruses and cancer, and give examples of cancer vaccines.
- Students will explain how cancer cells interact with and ‘corrupt’ immune cells in the tumour microenvironment.
- Students will demonstrate how the innate immune system can be utilized in cancer therapy.
MEDI 419
Cancer Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has become a popular and important topic of study, and has been refined over recent years as our understanding of the interactions between tumors and the immune system improves. This seven week course will provide a brief background of the relationship between tumors, their microenvironment, and the immune system, before diving into the history of the earliest immune therapies, and making our way through the progression and development of newer therapeutic approaches. This course will focus on different ways to train our immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, including vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor therapy, antibody therapy, adoptive cell transfer, oncolytic viruses, as well as clinical trials and other more theoretical methods which are still being developed with current research. This course will provide a current overview of immunotherapeutic approaches to treating cancer for those with a working knowledge of cancer and immunology.
Credits
1Prerequisites
Familiarity with basic immunology is strictly required; prior college-level coursework in immunology is highly encouraged.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe how the immune system detects tumors, and how cancer cells can evade this detection
- Explain why various mechanisms of immune escape are exploitable with therapeutic targeting
- Discuss the benefits and fallbacks of immunotherapies from past and present
- Demonstrate where the field requires improvement moving into the future
MEDI 450
Fundamental Principles of Pathology
Pathology is the study of disease etiology and progression. It investigates the molecular underpinnings of disease, ultimately leading to the gross appearance of the affected area. Such comprehensive understanding contributes to developing cutting-edge diagnostic testing, treatment recommendations, and preventive care. In Fundamental Principles of Pathology, we will examine both microscopic and gross specimens of diseased tissues and organs, while learning the molecular and physiological etiology of such conditions. As an introductory course, it will showcase the four main foci of pathology: anatomical, clinical, molecular, and oral and maxillofacial pathology, though the main focus will be anatomical pathology. As a core course in many health professions and biomedical research curricula (e.g. medical, physician assistant, physician scientist), it will introduce aspiring students to not only disease etiology, but also diagnostic identification, associated treatments, functional and clinical aspects of disease burden, and potential for targeted preventive care.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Understand the immunological cascade of tissue injury.
- Learn the triggers, aggravators, and facilitators of select congenital, hemodynamic, inflammatory, infectious, metabolic, environmental, and neoplastic diseases.
- Explain the natural history of select diseases • Identify disease stages and associated prognosis from diagnostic imaging.
- Understand the molecular mechanisms of select diseases, their progression, and therapeutic targets.
- Determine the diagnostic investigations (e.g. laboratory, radiological imaging, microscopy) warranted in sample case scenarios.
MEDI 501
Principles of Preclinical Translational Science
Translation is the process of turning observations in the laboratory, clinic and community into interventions that improve the health of individuals and the public — from diagnostics and therapeutics to medical procedures and behavioral changes.
Translational Science is an emerging field that seeks to identify broadly generalizable scientific and operational principles for translational research. Translational science examines translational research from a systems perspective to develop approaches that can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of translational research endeavors, broadly.
In this course, students will learn key principles of translational science, taught by way of a case study of a highly successful translational research partnership involving the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Northwestern University and the University of Kansas. The partnership produced a promising potential drug shown to inhibit metastasis in animal models, which is being examined in a first-in-human clinical trial in 2020.
Credits
1Learning Objectives:
- Understand the definitions and goals of translational research and translational science and how they differ.
- Identify a range of scientific and operational principles that can be applied to enhance preclinical translational research projects.
- Learn about the research process necessary to enable a scientific discovery to produce an effective compound that can be used in humans.
- Learn about the varied roles of different disciplines, as well as agencies — including industry, government agencies, and academic faculty and institutions — in advancing translational research and how to facilitate effective interagency and team-based partnerships.
Sample syllabus is subject to change.
MEDI 502
Translational Science in the COVID-19 Pandemic - Accelerating and Enhancing our Response Across Preclinical, Clinical and Population Health Research
The course describes in detail a range of recent or ongoing research activities – from preclinical to clinical to population health – that were led or supported by NCATS in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this lens, the course teaches students effective approaches and strategies in translational science that have been key to the success of these efforts and are generalizable to other translational research activities. The course begins with an introduction to translational research and translational science, as well as an orientation to NCATS’ programs and resources, including our internal labs and extramural programs that are engaged in COVID research. We will highlight resources (e.g. access to technology, infrastructure, etc.) that allowed these programs to pivot quickly to respond to COVID-19. We then delve into an array of translational science challenges that NCATS and the broader scientific community have had to tackle to respond effectively to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having set up the challenges we move on to highlight specific examples of NCATS-led or supported projects responding to COVID-19 that effectively address these challenges Each week, students will learn about one or more NCATS-led or supported projects addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, and the translational science approaches and principles exemplified through the project. Overall, students will learn about the myriad ways NCATS is contributing to research to address the COVID-19 pandemic, and will leave the course equipped with a set of wide-ranging translational science strategies they can apply in their future work in translational research.
Credits
1Learning Objectives:
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
- Understand the definitions, scope, and goals of translational research and translational science, and how they differ
- Identify key translational science challenges in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic
- Identify effective translational science approaches NCATS has utilized to address multiple aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, spanning preclinical to clinical translational research
- Explain how the translational science approaches NCATS utilized in the context of a variety of COVID-19 related projects could be applied broadly to research focused on other diseases and conditions
- Reflect on the translational science principles highlighted throughout this course and how these relate to one’s own (current or future) work and career sector
- Learn about the partnerships and collaborations needed to advance translational research, as well as the legal approaches that help to establish effective partnerships.
MEDI 507
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
The objective of this course is to provide an overview of the principles and practice of human biochemical genetics. Topics to be covered include amino acidopathies, organic acidoses, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, lysosomal storage diseases, peroxisomal diseases, purine and pyrimidine disorders, and a variety of other inborn errors of metabolism. Students will research a topic and present the lectures. Several quizzes are planned, and student participation will be strongly encouraged.
Credits
3Prerequisites
graduate degree; this is an advanced course, largely geared toward Ph.D.s and M.D.s.
Learning Objectives:
- Recognize the signs and symptoms of biochemical disorders of man
- Understand the principles of diagnosing and treating inborn errors of metabolism based upon knowledge of human biochemical pathways
- Prepare for managing patients with biochemical disorders and for taking the American Board of Medical Genetics examination in biochemical genetics.
MEDI 525
Genetic Polymorphisms Affecting Human Cognition
The study of relationships between human genotype and cognitive phenotypes are in their infancy, but even at this early stage there are a number of very well documented correlations between specific genetic polymorphisms and cognitive phenotypes such as risk of alcoholism, cognitive outcome after traumatic brain injury, and, particular personality phenotypes. We will review some of the classic papers describing specific genetic effects on cognitive phenotypes, but the focus of the course will be on the underlying molecular biology and genetics rather than the nuances of psychological testing. This course will not address the thorny questions of how to precisely define and measure cognitive phenotypes or, once the phenotypes are defined, to assess the genetic contributions to their variability. Rather we will discuss the molecular biology of specific genetic polymorphisms which are commonly studied in this context the biological reasonableness of some of these results.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of the course the student should:
- Be familiar with the most commonly studied human genetic polymorphisms associated with variation in cognitive phenotypes.
- Have a basic understanding of the molecular biology and neuroanatomy associated with those polymorphisms.
- Understand the basic concepts population genetics and the limitations of genetic association studies.
MEDI 550
Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics
Psychiatric pharmacogenetics involves the study of four classes of genes:
- Pharmacodynamic genes: These are genes encoding drug targets (or proteins physiologically related to those targets).
- Pharmacotypic genes: Genes impacting disease presentation and subtype (genetics of the disease itself)
- Pharmacokinetic genes:
– Genes associated with drug transport (eg ABCB1/MDR1)
– Genes associated with metabolism (eg CYP genes) - Adverse drug reaction susceptibility genes (eg G6PD or HLA genes)
This course builds on the FAES course "Genetic Polymorphisms Affecting Human Cognition". The present course will focus on the genetics of psychiatric disease (pharmacotypic genes) and on genetic polymorphisms relevant to commonly used psychiatric medications (pharmacokinetic genes and the genetics of adverse drug reaction susceptibility genes).
Credits
2Prerequisites
Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of the course the student should:
- Be familiar with the common genetic polymorphisms that affect the risk of psychiatric disease, and response to psychoactive drugs.
- Have a basic understanding of the molecular biology and neuroanatomy associated with those polymorphisms.
- Understand the basic concepts population genetics and the limitations of genetic association studies.
NEUR 305
The Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness: Implications in Medicine, Technology, and Society
Consciousness extends across an expansive landscape of societal, clinical, and technological themes from free will to artificial intelligence. Unlike any other phenomenon in the natural world, consciousness occupies profound mystery yet is totally accessible by the conscious experiences in daily life. For these reasons, consciousness has been the source of millennia of intrigue, study, and debate. This course is a fast-paced exploration of the key questions on consciousness – what is it, where is it, and who has it – answered and debated from interdisciplinary perspectives, including the philosophy of mind, neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and technology. Primary emphasis is given to the scientific study of consciousness and research investigating its neural mechanisms in the human brain. This course also emphasizes disorders of consciousness (e.g., coma, epilepsy, and vegetative state) and the challenges diagnosing and treating this large and heterogeneous clinical population. Students will gain the knowledge and momentum to continue exploring the taught themes long after completing this course.
Credits
2Prerequisites
No prerequisites, but previous exposure to neuroscience or the philosophy of mind can be an asset.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe the essential questions, debates, and competing positions on the emergence of consciousness.
- Detail the basic anatomy and function of the human nervous system, particularly those relevant to sensory perception.
- Interpret the results from primary research documents on the neural mechanisms of consciousness and how these results relate to major theories of consciousness.
- Discuss the implications for results on the neural mechanisms of consciousness for clinical, ethical, technological, and societal considerations.
- Apply the knowledge gained from this course to be an educated consumer of content that discusses consciousness – from research to media.
NEUR 410
Human Memory Systems
Everything you know was gained through the efforts of several memory systems working together to acquire knowledge and skills from your past experiences. Not only is memory is necessary for all other human cognition, from remembering how to ride a bike or reflecting on your undergraduate days to acquiring language or making decisions about the future, but collectively our memories allow us to form a learned identity. This course will provide a broad introduction to foundational concepts and classic and current issues in human memory, examining both the psychological and neurological approaches to data and theory. Topics covered include working memory, episodic encoding and retrieval processes, forgetting and false memories, skill learning, implicit learning, and the effects of aging and disease on memory systems.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Compare and contrast different memory systems, including the type of knowledge gained and their neural underpinnings
- Apply theories of memory systems to other contexts, including research into human cognition or learning strategies for future coursework
- Formulate a hypothesis and design an experiment to test a type of memory
- Given a disease or lesion location, assess the symptoms that would likely occur
PSYC 201
Introduction to Psychological Principles
Psychology is the science of mind, specifically its function and effects on behavior. Through social change, its five schools of thought – biological, behavioral, cognitive, social, psychoanalytic, and existential-humanistic theories – have collectively improved workplace environments, education delivery, mental healthcare, and even military intelligence. Psychologists and psychiatrists collaborate in not only treating mental health conditions, but ascertaining their etiology, whether genetic, iatrogenic, and/or familial, individual, and ethnocultural environment. Along with learning neural mechanisms and associated function, such understanding can uncover potential therapies and preventive care for mental illnesses. Furthermore, much of the brain’s functional anatomy and its associations with behavior and underlying neural mechanisms remain to be discovered. This warrants thorough knowledge of research methods, from computer simulations to animal studies, and the ethics that have coincidingly evolved. Therefore, the application of experimental and principles of psychology can benefit virtually any industrial or organizational setting.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
- Apply basic knowledge of neuroanatomy and biological principles to explain behavioral responses.
- Understand the evolution of personality psychology and the four main theories of personality.
- Articulate the basic principles, major theories, and research concerning learning and cognition.
- Understand the physical, cognitive, and emotional development that occurs from infancy through childhood.
- Explain the diagnostic criteria, etiology (environmental, genetic, biological), and therapies indicated for select mental illnesses and disorders.
- Apply the scientific method to critically appraise peer-reviewed research in psychology.
PSYC 525
Genetic Polymorphisms Affecting Human Cognition
The study of relationships between human genotype and cognitive phenotypes are in their infancy, but even at this early stage there are a number of very well documented correlations between specific genetic polymorphisms and cognitive phenotypes such as risk of alcoholism, cognitive outcome after traumatic brain injury, and, particular personality phenotypes. We will review some of the classic papers describing specific genetic effects on cognitive phenotypes, but the focus of the course will be on the underlying molecular biology and genetics rather than the nuances of psychological testing. This course will not address the thorny questions of how to precisely define and measure cognitive phenotypes or, once the phenotypes are defined, to assess the genetic contributions to their variability. Rather we will discuss the molecular biology of specific genetic polymorphisms which are commonly studied in this context the biological reasonableness of some of these results.
Credits
2Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of the course the student should:
- Be familiar with the most commonly studied human genetic polymorphisms associated with variation in cognitive phenotypes.
- Have a basic understanding of the molecular biology and neuroanatomy associated with those polymorphisms.
- Understand the basic concepts population genetics and the limitations of genetic association studies.
PSYC 550
Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics
Psychiatric pharmacogenetics involves the study of four classes of genes:
- Pharmacodynamic genes: These are genes encoding drug targets (or proteins physiologically related to those targets).
- Pharmacotypic genes: Genes impacting disease presentation and subtype (genetics of the disease itself)
- Pharmacokinetic genes:
– Genes associated with drug transport (eg ABCB1/MDR1)
– Genes associated with metabolism (eg CYP genes) - Adverse drug reaction susceptibility genes (eg G6PD or HLA genes)
This course builds on the FAES course "Genetic Polymorphisms Affecting Human Cognition". The present course will focus on the genetics of psychiatric disease (pharmacotypic genes) and on genetic polymorphisms relevant to commonly used psychiatric medications (pharmacokinetic genes and the genetics of adverse drug reaction susceptibility genes).
Credits
2Prerequisites
Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of the course the student should:
- Be familiar with the common genetic polymorphisms that affect the risk of psychiatric disease, and response to psychoactive drugs.
- Have a basic understanding of the molecular biology and neuroanatomy associated with those polymorphisms.
- Understand the basic concepts population genetics and the limitations of genetic association studies.